Karşıtlık bildiren bağlaçlar şunlardır: although, though, even though, while,
whereas, much as, hotueuer + adj./adv., no matter + question word, as.
Bu bağlaçlar, belirtilen bir durumdan beklenmeyen bir
sonucun çıktığını ifade etmemizi sağlar.
Although
I was ill, I went to work. She took a walk even though it was raining heavily.
Anımsayacağınız gibi, neden-sonuç ilişkisi bildiren
because, as, since gibi bağlaçların beklenilen bir sonuç ifade ettiğini
görmüştük. Karşıtlık bildiren bağlaçlar ise beklenmeyen bir sonuç ifade ederler.
Şu iki örneği inceleyelim:
Because she studied hard, she passed the exam, (expected
result) Although she studied hard, she didn't pass the exam, (unexpected
result)
Karşıtlık bildiren bağlaçlar, neden-sonuç ilişkisi
bildiren bağlaçlarda da olduğu gibi, tense uyuşması gerektirmez. Ancak yine de
iki eylemin zaman yönünden ilişkisine dikkat etmek gerekir.
Although it was cold yesterday. I took my regular walk. (Eylemlerin her ikisi de dün gerçekleşti.) Although
it was cold yesterday, it is quite warm today. Although it has been quite mild
for some time, snow is expected in the coming days. Although she has been
learning English for over four years, she still can't speak it properly.
Although she had been learning English for over four years, she still couldn't
speak it properly.
a) Although, though, even though
Bu bağlaçların üçü de aynı anlamı verir. Even though
biraz daha vurgulu bir anlatımdır. Bağlacın bağlı bulunduğu cümle temel
cümleden önce ya da sonra gelebilir.
Although she is quite good at music, she doesn't want to be a
musician.
Though
Even though
She doesn't want to be a musician although she is quite good at music, though even though
Müzikte çok iyi
olduğu halde/olmasına rağmen, müzisyen olmak istemiyor.
Though iki bağımsız cümleyi birleştirmek için de
kullanılabilir. Bu kullanımıyla though, "but, yet" anlamını verir ve
genellikle ikinci cümlenin sonunda kullanılır ama ikinci cümlenin başında da
yer alabilir.
I didn't like the film, though I liked its background
music. I didn't like the film; I
liked its background music, though.
I didn't like the film, but/yet 1 liked its background
music. Filmi beğenmedim ama fon müziğini beğendim.
b) In spite of
ve despite, "although" anlamını veren preposition'lardır. In spite of
ve despite' dan sonra bir cümle değil, isim, zamir ya da isim-fiil gelir.
Although/Though/Even though + a clause, main clause.
Although it was rainy, they went on a picnic. In spite
of/Despite + noun/pronoun/gerund, main clause
In spite of the rain, they went on a picnic.
Though she was inexperienced, she got the job, Despite
her inexperience/her being inexperienced, she got the job. Even though the food
we were offered at the party looked wonderful, it tasted awful. In spite of the
wonderful look of the food we were offered at the party, it tasted awful.
Sue rejected the job with the accounting firm even though
she was offered a big salary. Kendisine
yüksek bir maaş Önerildiği halde Sue muhasebe şirketindeki işi reddetti.
Sue rejected the job with the accounting firm despite the
big salary she was offered. Kendisine
önerilen yüksek maaşa rağmen Sue muhasebe şirketindeki işi reddetti.
c) Despite ve
in spite of dan sonra "the fact that" kullanırsak, devamında bir
clause gelir.
Despite her old age, she still takes long walks every
day,
Despite the fact that she is old, she still takes long
walks every day.
In spite of practicing every day, she is still bad at
driving. In spite of the fact that she practices every day, she is still bad at
driving.
