3-4 CONCESSION AND CONTRAST

Karşıtlık bildiren bağlaçlar şunlardır: although, though, even though, while, whereas, much as, hotueuer + adj./adv., no matter + question word, as. 

Bu bağlaçlar, belirtilen bir durumdan beklenmeyen bir sonucun çıktığını ifade etmemizi sağlar. 

Although I was ill, I went to work. She took a walk even though it was raining heavily.

Anımsayacağınız gibi, neden-sonuç ilişkisi bildiren because, as, since gibi bağlaçların beklenilen bir sonuç ifade ettiğini görmüştük. Karşıtlık bildiren bağlaçlar ise beklenmeyen bir sonuç ifade ederler. Şu iki örneği inceleyelim:

Because she studied hard, she passed the exam, (expected result) Although she studied hard, she didn't pass the exam, (unexpected result)

Karşıtlık bildiren bağlaçlar, neden-sonuç ilişkisi bildiren bağlaçlarda da olduğu gibi, tense uyuşması gerektirmez. Ancak yine de iki eylemin zaman yönünden ilişkisine dikkat etmek gerekir.

Although it was cold yesterday. I took my regular walk. (Eylemlerin her ikisi de dün gerçekleşti.) Although it was cold yesterday, it is quite warm today. Although it has been quite mild for some time, snow is expected in the coming days. Although she has been learning English for over four years, she still can't speak it properly. Although she had been learning English for over four years, she still couldn't speak it properly. 

a)    Although, though, even though

Bu bağlaçların üçü de aynı anlamı verir. Even though biraz daha vurgulu bir anlatımdır. Bağlacın bağlı bulunduğu cümle temel cümleden önce ya da sonra gelebilir.

Although she is quite good at music, she doesn't want to be a musician.

Though

Even though

She doesn't want to be a musician although she is quite good at music, though even though

Müzikte çok iyi olduğu halde/olmasına rağmen, müzisyen olmak istemiyor.

Though iki bağımsız cümleyi birleştirmek için de kullanılabilir. Bu kullanımıyla though, "but, yet" anlamını verir ve genellikle ikinci cümlenin sonunda kullanılır ama ikinci cümlenin başında da yer alabilir. 

I didn't like the film, though I liked its background music.       I didn't like the film; I liked its background music, though.

I didn't like the film, but/yet 1 liked its background music. Filmi beğenmedim ama fon müziğini beğendim.

b)      In spite of ve despite, "although" anlamını veren preposition'lardır. In spite of ve despite' dan sonra bir cümle değil, isim, zamir ya da isim-fiil gelir. 

Although/Though/Even though + a clause, main clause.

Although it was rainy, they went on a picnic. In spite of/Despite + noun/pronoun/gerund, main clause

In spite of the rain, they went on a picnic.

Though she was inexperienced, she got the job, Despite her inexperience/her being inexperienced, she got the job. Even though the food we were offered at the party looked wonderful, it tasted awful. In spite of the wonderful look of the food we were offered at the party, it tasted awful.

Sue rejected the job with the accounting firm even though she was offered a big salary. Kendisine yüksek bir maaş Önerildiği halde Sue muhasebe şirketindeki işi reddetti.

Sue rejected the job with the accounting firm despite the big salary she was offered. Kendisine önerilen yüksek maaşa rağmen Sue muhasebe şirketindeki işi reddetti. 

c)      Despite ve in spite of dan sonra "the fact that" kullanırsak, devamında bir clause gelir. 

Despite her old age, she still takes long walks every day,

Despite the fact that she is old, she still takes long walks every day. 

In spite of practicing every day, she is still bad at driving. In spite of the fact that she practices every day, she is still bad at driving.