EXERCISE 1:

EXERCISE 1:     Combine the following sentences using the correlative conjunctions.

Use both ... and. 

1-    The bus service is unreliable. It is also expensive. 
2-    Aspirin is an effective pain killer. Ibuprofen is an effective pain killer, too, 
3-    The United States accepts many refugees. Canada also accepts many refugees. 
4-    The person we choose for the job must be experienced. He or she must also be flexible. 

Use not only ... but also. 

5-   The raising of the Narmada Dam in India by five metres is a violation of a 2000 Supreme Court judgement. It is also an unsustainable development. 
6-    Non-union fire fighters will work during the strike. Part-time fire fighters will work during the strike, too. 
7-    A good thriller needs suspense. It also needs plenty of action. 
8-    Honey is delicious on its own. it is also delicious when added to puddings. 

Use neither ... nor 

9-    His mother isn't as tall as Rodney. His father isn't, either. 
10- The legend doesn't have a happy ending, and nor does the original film version. 
11- The relocation of villages hasn't been adequately funded, nor has it been properly planned. 
12- He isn't fast enough to play for the first team. He isn't even-tempered enough to play for the first team, either. 

Use either ... or. 

13- My secretary will proofread your report, or I'll proofread it myself, if she is too busy. 
14- He was going to mention the new procedure. He may have forgotten about it, or he may have changed his mind about it. 
15- All the injured passengers have been sent to hospital. Some have been sent to Kidderminster General and the others have been sent to Royal Shrewsbury Hospital. 
16- Jamie is really excited about something. She might be looking forward to her grandmother's visit or she might be looking forward to going to the zoo

2- CORRELATIVE CONJUNCTIONS

2-    CORRELATIVE CONJUNCTIONS

Bu gruptaki bağlaçlar ikili olarak kullanılır: both... and, either...or, neither...nor, not only but also. Bu bağlaçlar iki özne, nesne, sıfat, zarf ve fiili, sözcük öbeğini (phrase) ya da cümleciği [clause) bağlayabilir. 
İki ayrı cümleyi bağlaçla tek bir cümleye dönüştürürken dikkat etmemiz gereken noktalar şunlardır: 

2-1    Önce cümlelerin ortak ve farklı olan öğeleri belirlenir. Farklı olan öğelerden birinin başına bağlacın birinci bölümü, diğerinin başına ikinci bölümü getirilir. 

Ali will come with us. Ayşe will come with us. 

Yukarıdaki örnekte farklı olan öğeler öznelerdir. Bu durumda kullanacağımız bağlaç bu iki sözcüğü birleştirecektir. 

Both Ali and Ayşe will come with us. Not only Ali but also Ayşe will come with us. She is beautiful. She is clever, She is both beautiful and clever. She isn't tall. She isn't short. She is neither tall nor short

2-2    Bağlaçla elde ettiğimiz yapının cümle içindeki yeri bağladığı öğenin yeriyle aynıdır. Yani iki özneyi bağladıysa cümlenin başında, iki nesneyi bağladıysa yüklemden sonra yer alır, 

Ali will help me, or Ayşe will help me. (subject + subject) Either Ali or Ayşe will help me. 
I didn't buy a shirt. 1 didn't buy a skirt, (object + object] I bought neither a shirt nor a skirt. 
The him was too long. The film was boring, (adj. + adj.) The film was both too long and boring.
She wants to learn whether the job is well-paid. She wants to learn whether she will have any opportunity for promotion, (noun clause + noun clause) She wants to learn not only whether the job is well-paid but also whether she will have any opportunity for promotion. 

2-3    Both ... and iki Özneyi bağlıyorsa fiil daima çoğuldur. Diğer bağlaçlarla yükleme yakın olan özne yani ikinci özne temel alınır. Eğer ikinci özne tekilse tekil bir fiil, çoğulsa çoğul bir fiil kullanılır. 

Both my parents and my sister are coming tomorrow. Both Ali and Ayşe were absent from class yesterday. 
Not only my parents but also my sister is coming tomorrow. Not only my sister but also my parents are coming tomorrow. Not only Ali but also Ayşe was absent from class yesterday. 
Neither the manager nor my colleagues approve of the plan. Neither my colleagues nor the manager approves of the plan. 
Either the teacher or the students have made a mistake. Either the students or the teacher has made a mistake. 

2-4    Both ... and Türkçeye  hem ... hem de biçiminde çevrilir ve olumlu cümlelerde kullanılır.

Both the driver and the passengers were badly injured. Hem sürücü hem de yolcular ağır yaralandı. 

Yesterday I both cleaned the house and went to the cinema. Dün hem evi temizledim hem de sinemaya gittim.

Not only ... but also da olumlu cümlelerle kullanılır. Both ... and den daha vurgulu bir ifadedir. 

Not only the driver but also the passengers were injured, Sadece sürücü değil yolcular da yaralandı. 

I not only cleaned the house but also went to the cinema, Sadece evi temizlemekle kalmadım, sinemaya da gittim. 

Neither ... nor Türkçeye ne ... ne de biçiminde çevrilir. Kendisi olumsuz bir yapı olduğu için olumlu fiille kullanılır ancak cümlenin anlamı olumsuzdur.

Ali doesn't like fish. Ayşe doesn't like fish. Neither Ali nor Ayşe likes fish. (Ne Ali ne de Ayşe balığı sever.) 

She didn't study. She didn't watch TV She neither studied nor watched TV. [Ne ders çalıştı ne de televizyon izledi.) 

Either ... or, ya ...ya da anlamındadır. Genellikle olumlu cümlede kullanılır. Olumsuz cümlede kullanıldığı zaman neither ... nor ile aynı anlamı verir

Either my sister or my friend must have taken my book. Kitabımı ya kardeşim ya da arkadaşım almış olmalı. 

She has either fallen asleep or gone somewhere. Ya uyuyakaldı ya da bir yere gitti. 

She has been paralysed since that shocking incident. She can't either speak or walk. [She can neither speak nor walk.) Ne konuşabiliyor ne de yürüyebiliyor.

2-5    Not only ... but also iki cümleyi bağlıyorsa, not only'nin bağlı bulunduğu cümle devrik, ikinci cümle düz olur. 

The hotel was marvellous. The hotel was cheap. The hotel was not only marvellous but also cheap. Not only was the hotel marvellous, but it was also cheap. 

Not only ... but also ilci cümleyi bağlarken, ikinci cümlenin de kendi öznesi ve yüklemi olmak zorundadır. Bu durumda also cümle içindeki normal yerinde kullanılır. Not only ... but also kalıbı also kaldırılarak da kullanılabilir. 

He shouted at the child. He also hit him. He not only shouted at the child but also hit him. Not only did he shout at the child, but he (also) hit him. Çocuğa sadece bağırmakla kalmadı onu dövdü de. 
Pollution does harm to people today. It also endangers the survival of human beings in the future. Pollution not only does harm to people today but also endangers the survival of human beings in the future. Not only does pollution do harm to people today, but it (also) endangers the survival of human beings in the future.  

Note:     Not only ... but also iki özneyi bağlarken de cümlenin başında yer alır. Ancak bu durumda cümle devrik olmaz. 

Not only humans but also other living things are gravely affected by pollution.