EXERCISE 3:

EXERCISE 3:     Complete the sentences with the correct verb form. Pay attention to whether the verb is active or passive.

1- Hardly (her head, touch]  ....................................... the pillow when her emergency pager (start)  ...................................  to bleep.

2- The moment he {see}........................................  the bright red sports car in the showroom window, he (KNOW)  .................................... he had to own it,

3- I hope, by the time she [leave] ...........................................school, she [change]  ................................. her mind about joining the army,

4- My daughter [want]  ...................................... to be a ballet dancer ever since I [take]  ................................. her to see 'Swan Lake" by the Sandlers Wells Ballet Company.

5- I think that by the time Bob [call] ............................................ around, my hair [be]  .................................  dry.

6-   The last time 1 [eat] ......................................... at Rackham's restaurant, I [have]  ................................. the poached salmon.

7- 1 [gain] .................................. some weight recently, but I have promised myself that I [diet] ................................... as soon as 1 [get] ....................................... the chance.

8- My sister is so lazy! Whenever she [hold]  ........................................... a party, she [hire]  ................................. caterers.

9- While our car [repair)  ...................................... tomorrow, I [look] ....................................... around the shops for a few items for the holiday,

10- We [not, buy)  .................................... any more furniture until we [move]  ................................. into our new house next month,

11- Just as she [board]  ........................................the plane, her boyfriend (run)  ................................. up to her begging her not to go.

12- No sooner (she. enter)  .......................................  the ballroom than her diamond necklace [drop] .................................. to the floor. To her embarrassment, individual diamonds shot off in all directions.

13- The first time she {take) ......................................... her son to school, she [stand]  ................................. at the gate watching him feeling a little sad.

14- By the lime my husband {get)  .......................................... out of the lift on the sixth floor, 1, having climbed the stairs, [be, already) ............................................. there to meet him. He couldn't believe it,

15- If I [keep] .................................... working at my present rate, I [address) ................................. all the envelopes before the post [collect] ............................................... from the office

3-1 ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF TIME

3-1   ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF TIME

after

After I finish/have finished this report, I will go out for lunch. After I finished/had finished the report, I went out for lunch.

before

Before I go out for lunch, 1 will finish this report. Before I went out for lunch, I finished/had finished the report.

when 

When I got home, they were eating dinner. When I got home, they ate dinner. When I got home, they had eaten dinner. When I get home, they will be eating dinner. When I get home, they will eat dinner. When I get home, they will have eaten dinner.                              When I finish/have finished this report, I will go out for lunch.                               When I finished/had finished the report, I went out for lunch. When I see him tomorrow, I will give him your message. When I saw him yesterday, I gave him your message. 

while, as

While/As I was walking up the street. I ran into an old friend. While/As I was taking the cake out of the oven, I burnt myself. While/As I cooked dinner, my son sat in the kitchen and watched me. My friend looked after my plants while I was on holiday. My friend will look after my plants while I am on holiday. They were playing cards while I was working hard on my thesis. 

by the time

By the time he comes back, we will have finished the work. By the time he comes back, it will be too late. By the time he came back, we had finished the work. By the time he came back, it was too late.

until, till 

She will wait for me until/till I finish/have finished my work. She waited for me until/till I finished/had finished my work. I had never heard of that author until/till you told me about her.

since

I am very happy to see him. We haven't seen each other since we left school. I was very happy to see him, because we hadn't seen each other since we left school. 

as soon as, once, the moment, immediately

As soon as/Once/The moment/Immediately I saw him. I understood that something was wrong.

As soon as I finished/had finished my work, I went out. As soon as I finish/have finished my work, I will go out.

as long as, so long as

         I won't forgive him as/so long as I live.

I never bought anything from that shop as/so long as I lived there.

whenever, every time

         I greet him whenever/every time I see him,

I greeted (used to greet) him whenever/every time I saw him.

the first time, the second time, the next time, the last time, etc

         The first time I went to Ankara, I stayed at a three-star hotel. The next time I go there, I won't stay at the same hotel. The last time I went there, I visited many friends. The last time I saw him, he was working for a computing firm.

now (that)

Now that we have finished our work, we can go out for a walk. Now that school is over, he can start to look for a job

no sooner ... than, hardly/scarcely ... when

I had no sooner received his letter than he himself arrived. I had scarcely/hardly received his letter when he himself arrived,

NOTES:

         a) Zaman bağlaçları, eylemler arasında zaman açısından ilişki kurduğu için İki cümle arasında tense uyuşması olmak zorundadır. (Yukarıda verilen örnekleri dikkatle inceleyiniz.]

b) Zaman bağlacının bulunduğu cümlede (adverbial clause} Future tense (be going to, will) kullanılmaz. Eylem gelecekte yapılacak bile olsa Simple Present tense (do/does) ya da eylemin gelecekte tamamlanmış olacağını vurgulamak için Present Perfect tense (have/has done) kullanılır.

When he came, I was studying, (adverbial clause of time) When he comes, we will study together.

I don't know when he will come, (noun clause) [ don't know when he came.

Do you remember the day when the meeting will be held?

Do you remember the day when the meeting was held? (relative clause)

c) Now (that) past tense'lerle kullanılmaz. Now (that) in bağlı bulunduğu cümlede Simple Present ya da Present Perfect tense kullanılır.

Now that you are eighteen, you can get a driver's license. Now that we have finished our work, we can drink coffee.

d)  After, before, when, as soon as ve as ile just kullanarak eylemler arasındaki ilişkiye tezlik kazandırabiliriz.

Just as we sat down to eat. the phone rang, Tam yemeğe oturduk ki telefon çaldı.

Just after you left the office, a client of yours came.             Sen bürodan çıktıktan hemen sonra bir müşterin geldi,

Just before he came, we had eaten our dinner. O gelmeden hemen önce biz yemeğimizi yemiştik.

Just when I got to the office, they were signing the contract. Tam ben büroya gittiğimde kontratı imzalıyorlardı

         Hardly/scarcely ... when ile no sooner ... than kalıplan genellikle devrik cümle yapısıyla kullanılırlar. Bu kalıplar iki eylem arasında geçen sürenin çok kısa olduğunu vurgular ve as soon as ile aynı anlamı ifade ederler.

She had hardly gone to bed when the phone rang. Hardly had she gone to bed when the phone rang.

She had no sooner gone to bed than the phone rang. No sooner had she gone to bed than the phone rang. Henüz yatmıştı ki telefon çaldı.

After ile afterwards arasındaki ayrıma dikkat ediniz. After bağlaç olarak kendinden sonra cümle; preposition olarak da İsim alır: after the class, after the meeting, etc, Afterwards bir zarftır ve "later, after that" anlamını verir.

After she came, we went out.

We went out after she came. (O geldikten sonra dışarı çıktık.) She came.

Afterwards, we went out, She came. We went out afterwards. (O geldi. Ondan sonra dışarı çıktık.)

3- SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS

3- SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS

Bir yan cümleyi temel cümleye bağlayan when, before, because, although gibi sözcükler subordinating conjunctions diye isimlendirilir. Bağlacın bulunduğu cümle (adverbial clause) temel cümleden önce ya da sonra gelebilir. Adverbial clause temel cümlenin önünde yer alırsa iki cümle arasında virgül kullanılır. Temel cümleden sonra geliyorsa genellikle virgül kullanılmaz.

Although it was raining, she went out for a walk. She went out for a walk although it was raining.

Because she was tired, she went straight to bed. She went straight to bed because she was tired.

After she made a phone call, she left home. She left home after she made a phone call.

If she were a bit more reasonable, she wouldn't be in this mess. She wouldn't be in this mess if she were a bit more reasonable. 

Bu bağlaçları, cümleler arasında kurduğu ilişki bakımından gamlandırarak şöyle sıralayabiliriz:

Time

after, before, by the time (that), until, till, since, as long as. while, as, when, whenever, once, as soon as, immediately, now (that)

Place

where, wherever, as far as

Manner

as, as if, as though, how

Cause

because, as, since, seeing that, seeing as, for, as/so long as. inasmuch as

Purpose

so that/in order that, for the purpose that, for fear that, lest

Concession and Contrast

although, though, even though, while, whereas, much as, however + adj./adv., no matter + question word

Condition

if. unless, only if, whether or not, even if, providing (that) provided (that), in case, as/so long as, suppose (that), supposing (that)

Result

so + adj./adv. that, such (a/an) + adj. + noun + that